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| 1936 |
| | | Germany and Japan establish an Anti-Comintern Pact against their common enemy, the USSR | |
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| 1937 |
| | | German planes bomb the Basque capital, Guernica, in support of the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War | |
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| 1937 |
| | | Neville Chamberlain follows Baldwin as prime minister at the head of the UK's National government | |
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| 1937 |
| | | Japanese troops occupy Beijing – at the start of eight years of continuous war between China and Japan | |
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| 1937 |
| | | Buchenwald, near Weimar, is set up as a concentration camp providing forced labour for local arms manufacturers | |
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| 1937 |
| | | Adolf Hitler, entertaining Mussolini in Germany, puts on spectacular demonstrations of German military and industrial might | |
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| 1937 |
| | | The Japanese capture the Chinese capital, Nanjing, and massacre at least 300,000 inhabitants within a few weeks | |
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| 1938 March 1 |
| | | German tanks cross the border into Austria, on the official invitation of Austrian Nazis | |
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| 1938 March 12 |
| | | Adolf Hitler, following his troops into Austria, announces the Anschluss (union of Germany and Austria) | |
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| 1938 April 24 |
| | | The Sudeten German National Socialist Party demands secession from Czechoslovakia, in keeping with Hitler's plans for the Sudetenland | |
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